The Psychological perspective of cosmetologist’s work

Natalya Nikolaeva, Andrey Yakubovich, Tatyana Terekhova, Dina Panchenko, Elena Brovkina, Liudmila Stepanova, Larisa Kondratieva

Abstract


Background: Cosmetic institutions are an important element in human life, providing the opportunity for personal development. The study aims to analyze psychologist’s competence of cosmetologists and client self-esteem to establish potential ways of psychological contact between a cosmetologist and his/her client.


Methods: A survey of 156 cosmetologists of Irkutsk city and region was conducted to determine awareness and the need to obtain knowledge in the field of psychology and psychiatry for cosmetologists. A training program has been developed that will allow a cosmetologist to expand his/her knowledge in the field of psychological characteristics of patients with a dermatological profile and improve the quality of cosmetology services. Cosmetologists generally uncertainly assess their abilities in recognizing the psychological status, as well as the needs of a patient. A total of 259 female clients were exposed to a mirror gazing technique for psychological correction.


Results: The psychological task of a cosmetologist is to constantly accompany and advise a client. The self-esteem survey revealed a positive shift towards accepting the presence of other people in one’s life and taking a confident and active position in problem-solving.


Conclusions: Systematization of the obtained data will make it possible to distinguish different types of patient characteristics, which is a necessary and indispensable condition for successful correction, not so much cosmetological as psychological. A technique has been developed to deal with a depressive state in patients, including a comprehensive cosmetology-psychological approach divided into 5 stages.

Keywords


Cosmetologist; Cosmetologist-patient interaction; Psychology; Skin physiology; Statistics.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahluwalia, J., & Fabi, S. G. (2019). The psychological and aesthetic impact of age‐related hair changes in females. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 18(4), 1161-1169. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12960

Artoni, P., Chierici, M. L., Arnone, F., Cigarini, C., De Bernardis, E., Galeazzi, G. M., ... & Pingani, L. (2020). Body perception treatment, a possible way to treat body image disturbance in eating disorders: a case–control efficacy study. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 1-16.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00875-x

Asimakopoulou, E., Zavrides, H., & Askitis, T. (2020). Plastic Surgery on Body Image, Body Satisfaction and Self-Esteem. Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae, 61(1-4), 3.

Ataria, Y., & Tanaka, S. (2020). When Body Image Takes over the Body Schema: The Case of Frantz Fanon. Human Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-020-09543-6

Bailey, K. A., Gammage, K. L., & van Ingen, C. (2017). How do you define body image? Exploring conceptual gaps in understandings of body image at an exercise facility. Body image, 23, 69-79.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.003

Balieva, F., Kupfer, J., Lien, L., Gieler, U., Finlay, A.Y., Tomás-Aragonés, L., … & Dalgard, F.J. (2017). The Burden of Skin Diseases Assessed with the EQ5DTM: a European Multicentre Study in 13 countries. British Journal of Dermatology, 176, 1170-1178. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15280

Basch, E. (2017). Patient-Reported Outcomes – Harnessing Patients’ Voices to Improve Clinical Care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 376, 105-118. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1611252

Basra, M. K., Salek, M. S., Camilleri, L., Sturkey, R., & Finlay, A.Y. (2015). Determining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Responsiveness of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI): further data. Dermatology, 230, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365390

Burton, C., Fink, P., Henningsen, P., Löwe, B., & Rief, W. (2020). Functional somatic disorders: discussion paper for a new common classification for research and clinical use. Bmc Medicine, 18(1), 1-7.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-1505-4

Choi, E. H., Jang, I. S., & Choi, J. Y. (2014). The Effect of Educational Hands Washing Program on Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Handwashing in Undergraduates. Journal of the Korean Society of School Health, 27, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.15434/kssh.2014.27.1.039

Choi, J. M., & Jung, Y. J. (2014). Influence of Beauty Service on Self-Efficacy and Job Attitude. Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology, 12, 613-623.

Chopan, M., Sayadi, L., Clark, E. M., & Maguire, K. (2019). Plastic surgery and social media: examining perceptions. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 143(4), 1259-1265.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000005445

Dalgard, F., Gieler, U., Tomas-Aragones, L., Lien, L., Poot, F., Jemec, G. B., … & Kupfer, G. (2015). The Psychological Burden of Skin Diseases: a Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study among Dermatological Out-Patients in 13 European Countries. Journal of Investigate Dermatology, 135, 984-991.

https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.530

Darves-Bornoz, J. M. (2018). Personnalité et troubles somatiques. L'Encéphale, 44(5), 471-475.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2018.02.002

Deschenes, S. S., Burns, R. J., & Schmitz N. (2015). Associations between Depression, Chronic Physical Health Conditions, and Disability in a Community Sample: a Focus on the Persistence of Depression. Journal of Affective Disorder, 179, 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.020

Finlay, A. Y., & Salek, M. S. (2017). Why Quality of Life Measurement is Important in Dermatology Clinical Practice: An Expert-Based Opinion Statement by the EADV Task Force on Quality of Life. The Journal of the European Academy Dermatology and Venereology, 31, 424-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13985

Fleisher, J., Khalifeh, A., Pettker, C., Berghella, V., Dabbish, N., & Mackeen, A. D. (2019). Patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcome in a randomized study of cesarean skin closure. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 32(22), 3830-3835. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1474870

Gattario, K. H., & Frisén, A. (2019). From negative to positive body image: Men’s and women’s journeys from early adolescence to emerging adulthood. Body Image, 28, 53-65.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.002

Gherghina, A., Aristizabal, M., Bay Aguilera, S., & Skopit, S. (2018). Perspectives in cosmetic dermatology: What is in front of the mirror? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(5), 672-674.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12713

Gillen, M. M., & Markey, C. H. (2020). Body image, weight management behavior, and women’s interest in cosmetic surgery. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1776890

Gouveia, L., Lelorain, S., Bredart, A., Dolbeault, S., Bonnaud-Antignac, A., Cousson-Gélie, F., … & Sultan, S. (2015). Oncologists’ Perception of Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Accuracy and Relational Correlates. BMC Psychology, 3, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-015-0063-6

Hay, R. J., Augustin, M., Griffiths, C. E. M., & Sterry, W. (2015). The Global Challenge for Skin Health. British Journal of Dermatology, 172, 1469-1472. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13854

Hay, R. J., Johns, N. E., Williams, H. C., Bolliger, I. W., Dellavalle, R. P., Margolis, D. J., … & Naghavi, M. (2014). The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: an Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 134, 1527-1534. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.446

Herbst, I., & Jemec, G. B. (2020). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Dermatology: a Systematic Review. The Psychiatric Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09757-y

Jafferany, M., Vander Stoep, A., Dumitrescu, A., & Hornung, R. L. (2010a). The Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice Patterns of Dermatologists Toward Psychocutaneous Disorders: Results of a Survey Study. Inetrnational Journal of Dermatology, 49(7), 784-789. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04372.x

Jafferany, M., Vander Stoep, A., Dumitrescu, A., & Hornung, R. L. (2010b). Psychocutaneous Disorders: a Survey Study of Psychiatrist’s Awareness and Treatment Patterns. Southern Medical Journal, 103(12), 1199-1203. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181fa73ef

Kornhaber, R., Visentin, D., Thapa, D. K., West, S., McKittrick, A., Haik, J., & Cleary, M. (2018). Cosmetic camouflage improves quality of life among patients with skin disfigurement: a systematic review. Body image, 27, 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.004

Kuhn, H., Cunha, P. R., Matthews, N. H., & Kroumpouzos, G. (2018). Body dysmorphic disorder in the cosmetic practice. Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia: organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia, 153(4), 506-515.

Lambert, M., Ruppelt, F., Siem, A. K., Rohenkohl, A. C., Kraft, V., Luedecke, D., ... & Gallinat, J. (2018). Comorbidity of chronic somatic diseases in patients with psychotic disorders and their influence on 4-year outcomes of integrated care treatment (ACCESS II study). Schizophrenia research, 193, 377-383.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.036

Lee, S., Leung, C. M., Kwok, K. P., & Lam Ng, K. (2015). A community-based study of the relationship between somatic and psychological distress in Hong Kong. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(5), 594-615.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461515569756

Leonhart, R., Tang, L., Pang, Y., Li, J., Song, L., Fischer, I., ... & Schaefert, R. (2017). Physical and psychological correlates of high somatic symptom severity in Chinese breast cancer patients. Psycho‐oncology, 26(5), 656-663. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4203

Maresca, G., Maggio, M. G., Caliri, S., De Cola, M. C., Scarcella, I., Andaloro, A., & Calabrò, R. S. (2020). The role of body image changes in neurorehabilitation outcomes: a preliminary study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1597977

Menear, M., Dore, I., Cloutier, A. M., Perrier, L., Roberge, P., Duhoux, A., … & Fournier, L. (2015). The Influence of Comorbid Chronic Physical Conditions on Depression Recognition in Primary Care: a Systematic Review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78, 304-313.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.11.016

Naito, E., Morita, T., & Amemiya, K. (2016). Body representations in the human brain revealed by kinesthetic illusions and their essential contributions to motor control and corporeal awareness. Neuroscience Research, 104, 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2015.10.013

Nikolaeva, N. N. (2017a). The Role of the Patient’s Emotional State in the Development of Adverse Events and Complications in the Practice of a Cosmetologist. Injection Methods Cosmetology, 4, 1-4.

Nikolaeva, N. N. (2017b). Seven Principles of Psychological Correction in the Work of a Cosmetologist. Hardware Cosmetology, 2, 1-4.

Novitskaya, N, N. (2016). A Patient at a Cosmetologist Appointment: Elements of the Psychology of Constructive Communication. Cosmetics Medicine, 1, 1-4.

Ocek, T., Kani, A. S., Bas, A., Yalcin, M., Turan, S., Emul, M., … & Jafferany, M. (2015). Psychodermatology: Knowledge, Awareness, Practicing Patterns, and Attitudes of Dermatologists in Turkey. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorder, 17(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.14m01628

Pellizzer, M. L., Tiggemann, M., Waller, G., & Wade, T. D. (2018). Measures of body image: Confirmatory factor analysis and association with disordered eating. Psychological Assessment, 30(2), 143-153.

https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000461

Richetin, J., Xaiz, A., Maravita, A., & Perugini, M. (2012). Self-body recognition depends on implicit and explicit self-esteem. Body Image, 9(2), 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.11.002

Rogers, C. B., Webb, J. B., & Jafari, N. (2018). A systematic review of the roles of body image flexibility as correlate, moderator, mediator, and in intervention science (2011–2018). Body image, 27, 43-60.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.003

Salvato, G., Romano, D., De Maio, G., & Bottini, G. (2019). Implicit mechanisms of body image alterations: The covert attention exposure effect. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 1808-1817.

https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01921-2

Shavlovskaya, O. A. (2015). Psychodermatology: a Look at the Problem. Consilium Medicum. Dermatology, 4, 27-32.

Stolić, M., Ignjatović-Ristić, D., Jović, M., Jeremić, J., Hinić, D., Jovanović, M., & Stolić, D. (2019). Body image dissatisfaction, temperament traits, and self-esteem in patients with multiple minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 147(1-2), 59-64.

https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH180861070S

Thornicroft, G., Chatterji, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Gruber, M., Sampson, N., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., … & Kessler, R.S. (2017). Undertreatment of People with Major Depressive Disorder in 21 Countries. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210, 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.188078

Vally, Z., D'Souza, C. G., Habeeb, H., & El Hichami, F. (2020). An investigation of the association between body appreciation, need for self‐expression, and interest in cosmetic enhancing procedures. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 56(2), 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12435

Vocks, S., Legenbauer, T., Rüddel, H., & Troje, N. F. (2007). Static and dynamic body image in bulimia nervosa: mental representation of body dimensions and biological motion patterns. International Journal of EatingDisorders, 40(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20336

Williams, G. A., Hudson, D. L., Whisenhunt, B. L., Stone, M., Heinberg, L. J., & Crowther, J. H. (2018). Short-term changes in affective, behavioral, and cognitive components of body image after bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 14(4), 521-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2017.12.026

Wu, J. H., & Cohen, B. A. (2019). The stigma of skin disease. Current opinion in pediatrics, 31(4), 509-514.

https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000792




DOI: https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2450

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.