Problematic Internet Use among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review of scholars’ conceptualisations after the publication of DSM5
Abstract
Scholars’ opinions vary considerably regarding many different aspects of Problematic Internet Use (PIU), including whether it should be conceptualised as an addiction, whether it has to be seen as a discrete category or as the pole of a “normal” to pathological continuum, and whether and how the relationship between a person’s characteristics and socio-cultural environment needs to be considered. The aim of the present study is to qualitatively review the evolving body of literature on PIU among adolescents in relation to the three above-mentioned issues, in order to examine how far existing research has progressed since the publication of DSM-5. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies from 2014 to 2019 identified by a search on SCOPUS and Google Scholar were collected. The PIU conceptualisations employed in studies among adolescents and young adults were analysed. Results showed that the debate on PIU as a form of addiction or a distinct clinical disorder is far from over; nonetheless, in the scientific literature about PIU among adolescents and young adults the idea of Internet use as a way to compensate for unsatisfied needs is growing, calling for a better appreciation of what happens in the life-contexts to explain how youths move to/away from PIU over time.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adiele, I., & Olatokun, W. (2014). Prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.028
Alzayyat, A., Al-Gamal, E., & Ahmad, M. M. (2015). Psychosocial correlates of Internet addiction among Jordanian university students. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 53(4), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20150309-02
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV).
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. BMC Med, 17, 133-137.
Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and Problematic Internet Use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716
Anderson, K. J. (2001). Internet use among college students: An exploratory study. Journal of American College Health, 50(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109595707
Ataşalar, J., & Michou, A. (2017). Coping and Mindfulness. Journal of Media Psychology, 31, 11-115. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000230
Beard, K. W., & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 4(3), 377-383. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210286
Beard, K. W. (2005). Internet addiction: a review of current assessment techniques and potential assessment questions. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.7
Bernal-Ruiz, C., Rosa-Alcázar, A. I., González-Calatayud, V., & Rosa-Alcázar, E. (2017). Is there a relationship between problematic internet use and responses of social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and psychological well-being among adolescents? Anales de Psicologia, 33(2), 269-276. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.2.265831
Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2015). Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Journal of behavioral addictions, 4(3), 119-123. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/2006.4.2015.009.
Boniel-Nissim, M., & Sasson, H. (2018). Bullying victimization and poor relationships with parents as risk factors of problematic internet use in adolescence. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 176-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.041
Borrell, J., & Boulet, J. (2005). A theoretical exploration of culture and community health: Implications for prevention, research, and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 13. https://doi.org/ 10.4309/jgi.2005.13.3
Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wölfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252-266.
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner & W. E. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology. Theoretical models of human development (Vol. 8, pp. 793-828). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0114
Brown, R. I. F. (1993). Some contributions of the study of gambling to the study of other addictions. Gambling behavior and problem gambling, 1, 241-272. https://doi.org/ 10.1556/2006.5.2016.076
Bryant, J., & Zillmann, D. (1984). Using television to alleviate boredom and stress: Selective exposure as a function of induced excitational states. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 28(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/08838158409386511
Calvete, E., Gámez-Guadix, M., & Cortazar, N. (2017). Mindfulness facets and problematic Internet use: A six-month longitudinal study. Addictive Behaviors, 72, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.03.018
Can, L., & Kaya, N. (2016). Social networking sites addiction and the effect of attitude towards social network advertising. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 484-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.059
Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: development of a theory-based cognitive–behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in human behavior, 18(5), 553-575. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00004-3
Caplan, S. E. (2003). Preference for online social interaction: A theory of problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being. Communication research, 30(6), 625-648. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203257842
Caplan, S. E. (2005). A social skill account of problematic Internet use. Journal of communication, 55(4), 721-736. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03019.x
Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalised problematic Internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1089-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012
Caputo, A. (2020). Emotional and symbolic components of hikikomori experience: A qualitative narrative study on social withdrawal. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2312
Casale, S., Caplan, S. E., & Fioravanti, G. (2016). Positive metacognitions about Internet use: The mediating role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematic use. Addictive Behaviors, 59(8), 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.014
Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2014). From socially prescribed perfectionism to problematic use of internet communicative services: The mediating roles of perceived social support and the fear of negative evaluation. Addictive Behaviors, 39(12), 1816-1822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.06.006
Casale, S., Lecchi, S., & Fioravanti, G. (2015). The association between psychological well-being and problematic use of Internet communicative services among young people. The Journal of psychology, 149(5), 480-497. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2014.905432
Casey, B. J., Getz, S., & Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental Review, 28, 62–77. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.003
Černja, I., Vejmelka, L., & Rajter, M. (2019). Internet addiction test: Croatian preliminary study. BMC psychiatry, 19(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2366-2
Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: a critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(6), 1041-1052. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1041
Chambers, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Neurodevelopment, impulsivity, and adolescent gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 19(1), 53-84. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021275130071
Chen, S. K., Lo, M. T., & Lin, S. S. (2017). Impulsivity as a precedent factor for problematic Internet use: How can we be sure?. International Journal of Psychology, 52(5), 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12231
Cheng, C., & Li, A. Y.-l. (2014). Internet addiction prevalence and quality of (real) life: A meta-analysis of 31 nations across seven world regions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(12), 755-760. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0317.
Cho, H., Kwon, M., Choi, J. H., Lee, S. K., Choi, J. S., Choi, S. W., & Kim, D. J. (2014). Development of the Internet addiction scale based on the Internet Gaming Disorder criteria suggested in DSM-5. Addictive Behaviors, 39(9), 1361-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.020
Chong, W. H., Chye, S., Huan, V. S., & Ang, R. P. (2014). Generalised problematic Internet use and regulation of social emotional competence: The mediating role of maladaptive cognitions arising from academic expectation stress on adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.023
Chun, J. (2016). Effects of psychological problems, emotional dysregulation, and self-esteem on problematic internet use among Korean adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 68, 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.07.005
Coghill, D., & Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. (2012). Annual research review: categories versus dimensions in the classification and conceptualisation of child and adolescent mental disorders–implications of recent empirical study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(5), 469-489.
Crews, F., He, J., & Hodge, C. (2007). Adolescent cortical development: a critical period of vulnerability for addiction. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 86(2), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.001
Cudo, A., Dobosz, M., Jarząbek-Cudo, A., & Basaj, Ł. (2016). Problematic Internet use and intrapersonal and interpersonal attitudes in adolescents. Postepy Psychiatrii i Neurologii, 25(3), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pin.2016.08.005
Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in human behavior, 17(2), 187-195. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8
Demetrovics, Z., Szeredi, B., & Rózsa, S. (2008). The three-factor model of Internet addiction: The development of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. Behavior research methods, 40(2), 563-574. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.2.563
Díaz-Aguado, M. J., Martín-Babarro, J., & Falcón, L. (2018). Problematic Internet use, maladaptive future time perspective and school context. Psicothema, 30(2), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2017.282
Dodaj, A., & Sesar, K. (2020). Sexting categories. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2432
Douglas, A. C., Mills, J. E., Niang, M., Stepchenkova, S., Byun, S., Ruffini, C., & Atallah, M. (2008). Internet addiction: Meta-synthesis of qualitative research for the decade 1996–2006. Computers in human behavior, 24(6), 3027-3044. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2008.05.009
Durak, M., & Senol-Durak, E. (2014). Which personality traits are associated with cognitions related to problematic Internet use? Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12056
El Asam, A., Samara, M., & Terry, P. (2019). Problematic internet use and mental health among British children and adolescents. Addictive behaviors, 90, 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.007
Erceg, T., BuljanFlander, G., & Brezinšćak, T. (2018). The relationship between compulsive Internet use and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescence. Alcoholism and psychiatry research: Journal on psychiatric research and addictions, 54(2), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2018.54.02.02
Far, N. S., Samarein, Z. A., Yekleh, M., Tahmasebi, S., & Yaryari, F. (2014). Relationship between the components of emotional intelligence and internet addiction of students in Kharazmi University. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Research, 3(1), 60-66.
Fernández-Villa, T., Molina, A. J., García-Martín, M., Llorca, J., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., & Martín, V. (2015). Validation and psychometric analysis of the Internet Addiction Test in Spanish among college students. BMC public health, 15(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2281-5
Fioravanti, G., Dèttore, D., & Casale, S. (2012). Adolescent Internet addiction: testing the association between self-esteem, the perception of Internet attributes, and preference for online social interactions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(6), 318-323. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0358
Fioravanti, G., & Casale, S. (2015). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Italian Internet Addiction Test. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(2), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0493
Flay, B. R., Petraitis, J., & Hu, F.B. (1999). Psychosocial risk and protective factors for adolescent tobacco use. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 1, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/14622299050011611
Forbush, K. T., & Watson, D. (2013). The structure of common and uncommon mental disorders. Psychological Medicine, 43(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712001092
Formica, I., Pellerone, M., Morabito, C., Barberis, N., Ramaci, T., Di Giorgio, A., & Mannino, G. (2017). The existential suspension of the young-adult in times of liquid modernity. A differential analysis of identity uneasiness in precarious times. Mediterranean Journal of clinical psychology, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1665
Frisone, F., Alibrandi, A., & Settineri, S. (2020a). Problem gambling during Covid-19. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2457
Frisone, F., Settineri, S., Sicari, P. F., & Merlo, E. M. (2020b). Gambling in adolescence: a narrative review of the last 20 years. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 38(4), 438-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2020.1782557
Gámez-Guadix, M. (2014). Depressive symptoms and problematic internet use among adolescents: Analysis of the longitudinal relationships from the cognitive-behavioral model. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(11), 714-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0226
Gámez-Guadix, M., & Calvete, E. (2016). Assessing the Relationship between Mindful Awareness and Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents. Mindfulness, 7(6), 1281–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0566-0
Gao, F., Guo, Z., Tian, Y., Si, Y., & Wang, P. (2018). Relationship between shyness and generalised pathological internet use among Chinese school students: the serial mediating roles of loneliness, depression, and self-esteem. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1822. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01822
Gioia, F., & Boursier, V. (2019). Treatment of Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. In B. Bozoglan (Eds.), Multifaceted Approach to Digital Addiction and Its Treatment (pp. 157-176). Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8449-0.ch008
González, E., & Orgaz, B. (2014). Problematic online experiences among Spanish college students: Associations with Internet use characteristics and clinical symptoms. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.038
Griffiths, M. (1996). Behavioural addiction: an issue for everybody? Employee Councelling Today, 8(3), 19-25. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/13665629610116872
Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction-time to be taken seriously? Addiction research, 8(5), 413-418. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066350009005587
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance use, 10(4), 191-197. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14659890500114359
Guo, Y., You, X., Gu, Y., Wu, G., & Xu, C. (2018). A moderated mediation model of the relationship between quality of social relationships and internet addiction: mediation by loneliness and moderation by dispositional optimism. Current Psychology, 39(4), 1303-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9829-3
Han, P., Wang, P., Lin, Q., Tian, Y., Gao, F., & Chen, Y. (2017). Reciprocal relationship between internet addiction and network-related maladaptive cognition among Chinese college freshmen: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01047
Hawi, N., & Samaha, M. (2019). Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of Internet and social media addiction profiles: traits, self-esteem, and self-construal. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38(2), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1515984
Hernández, C., Ottenberger, D. R., Moessner, M., Crosby, R. D., & Ditzen, B. (2019). Depressed and swiping my problems for later: The moderation effect between procrastination and depressive symptomatology on internet addiction. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.027
Hsu, W.Y., Chang, S.M., Chiu, N.Y., Lin, S.S.J., & Tseng, Y.H. (2015). Examining the Application of the DC-IA-A Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction Disorder in At-Risk College Students. Psychopathology, 48, 408-416. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441477
Jelenchick, L. A., Eickhoff, J., Christakis, D. A., Brown, R. L., Zhang, C., Benson, M., & Moreno, M. A. (2014). The Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS) for adolescents and young adults: Scale development and refinement. Computers in human behavior, 35, 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.035
Jiang, Q., Huang, X., & Tao, R. (2018). Examining factors influencing internet addiction and adolescent risk behaviors among excessive internet users. Health communication, 33(12), 1434-1444. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1358241
Kalaitzaki, A. E., & Birtchnell, J. (2014). The impact of early parenting bonding on young adults' Internet addiction, through the mediation effects of negative relating to others and sadness. Addictive behaviors, 39(3), 733-736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.002
Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in human behavior, 31, 351-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
Kardefelt‐Winther, D., Heeren, A., Schimmenti, A., van Rooij, A., Maurage, P., Carras, M., . . . Billieux, J. (2017). How can we conceptualise behavioural addiction without pathologising common behaviours? Addiction, 112(10), 1709-1715. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/add.13763.
Karim, A. R., & Nigar, N. (2014). The internet addiction test: Assessing its psychometric properties in Bangladeshi culture. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 10, 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.10.011
Kelley, A. E., Schochet, T., & Landry, C. F. (2004). Risk taking and novelty seeking in adolescence: introduction to part I. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.003
Khantzian, E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: A reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard review of psychiatry, 4(5), 231-244. https://doi.org/ 10.3109/10673229709030550
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American psychologist, 53(9), 1017. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.53.9.1017
Kuss, D. J., Van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
Kuss, D. J., Shorter, G. W., van Rooij, A. J., van de Mheen, D., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014). The Internet addiction components model and personality: Establishing construct validity via a nomological network. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 312-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.031
Lai, C. M., Mak, K. K., Cheng, C., Watanabe, H., Nomachi, S., Bahar, N., ... & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measurement invariance of the internet addiction test among Hong Kong, Japanese, and Malaysian adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(10), 609-617. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0069
Lam, L. T. (2014). Risk factors of Internet addiction and the health effect of internet addiction on adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal and prospective studies. Current psychiatry reports, 16(11), 508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0508-2
Lam, L. T., & Wong, E. M. (2015). Stress moderates the relationship between problematic Internet use by parents and problematic Internet use by adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(3), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.263
LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated Internet usage: Addiction, habit, or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5(3), 225-253. https://doi.org/ 10.1207/S1532785XMEP0503_01
Lee, H. W., Choi, J. S., Shin, Y. C., Lee, J. Y., Jung, H. Y., & Kwon, J. S. (2012). Impulsivity in internet addiction: a comparison with pathological gambling. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 15(7), 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.006
Leigh, E., & Clark, D. M. (2018). Understanding social anxiety disorder in adolescents and improving treatment outcomes: applying the cognitive model of Clark and Wells (1995). Clinical child and family psychology review, 21(3), 388-414.
Li, J., Li, D., Jia, J., Li, X., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2018). Family functioning and internet addiction among adolescent males and females: A moderated mediation analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.032
Li, M., Chen, J., Li, N., & Li, X. (2014). A twin study of problematic internet use: its heritability and genetic association with effortful control. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 17(4), 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2014.32
Li, Q., Dai, W., Zhong, Y., Wang, L., Dai, B., & Liu, X. (2019). The mediating role of coping styles on impulsivity, behavioral inhibition/approach system, and internet addiction in adolescents from a gender perspective. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2402. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02402
Li, W., O’Brien, J. E., Snyder, S. M., & Howard, M. O. (2015). Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in US university students: a qualitative-method investigation. PloS one, 10(2), e0117372. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117372
Li, W., O’Brien, J. E., Snyder, S. M., & Howard, M. O. (2016). Diagnostic criteria for problematic internet use among US university students: A mixed-methods evaluation. PloS one, 11(1), e0145981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145981
Liang, L., Zhou, D., Yuan, C., Shao, A., &Bian, Y. (2016). Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: A cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 463-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.043
Lin, M. P., Wu, J. Y. W., Chen, C. J., & You, J. (2018). Positive outcome expectancy mediates the relationship between social influence and Internet addiction among senior high-school students. Journal of behavioral addictions, 7(2), 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.56
Liu, D., Wang, Z., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., & Lin, S. (2019). Perceived autonomy-supportive parenting and internet addiction: respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderated the mediating effect of basic psychological need satisfaction. Current Psychology, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00485-6
Liu, Q. X., Fang, X. Y., Wan, J. J., & Zhou, Z. K. (2016). Need satisfaction and adolescent pathological internet use: Comparison of satisfaction perceived online and offline. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 695-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.048
Liu, Q., Lin, Y., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, W. (2019). Perceived parent–adolescent communication and pathological Internet use among Chinese adolescents: a moderated mediation model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(6), 1571-1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01376-x
Lopez-Fernandez, O. (2015). How has internet addiction research evolved since the advent of internet gaming disorder? An overview of cyberaddictions from a psychological perspective. Current Addiction Reports, 2(3), 263-271. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40429-015-0067-6
López-Torres, I., León-Quismondo, L., & Ibáñez, A. (2021). Impulsivity, Lack of Premeditation, and Debts in Online Gambling Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1632. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.618148
Lu, X., & Yeo, K. J. (2015). Pathological Internet use among Malaysia university students: risk factors and the role of cognitive distortion. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.021
Machackova, H., Cerna, A., Sevcikova, A., Dedkova, L., & Daneback, K. (2013). Effectiveness of coping strategies for victims of cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2013-3-5
Mak, K. K., Lai, C. M., Ko, C. H., Chou, C., Kim, D. I., Watanabe, H., & Ho, R. C. M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R) in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(7), 1237-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9851-3
Marinaci, T., Venuleo, C., Buhagiar, L., Mossi, P., & Sammut, G. (2019). Considering the socio-cultural terrain of hazardous behaviours: A cross-cultural study on problem gambling among Maltese and Italian people. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 6, 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1285/i24212113v6i1p129
Meerkerk, G.J., Van Den Eijnden, R.J., Vermulst, A.A., & Garretsen, H.F. (2009). The compulsive internet use scale (CIUS): some psychometric properties. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0181
Mehdisadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 13(4), 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0257
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), 264-269. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use among college students. Computers in human behavior, 16(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00049-7
Moreno, M. A., Jelenchick, L., Cox, E., Young, H., & Christakis, D. A. (2011). Problematic internet use among US youth: a systematic review. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 165(9), 797-805. https://doi.org/ 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.58.
Munno, D., Cappellin, F., Saroldi, M., Bechon, E., Guglielmucci, F., Passera, R., & Zullo, G. (2017). Internet Addiction Disorder: Personality characteristics and risk of pathological overuse in adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 248, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.008
Niculović, M., Živković, D., Manasijević, D., & Štrbac, N. (2014). Study of pathological Internet use, behavior and attitudes among students population at Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.020
Nielsen, P., Favez, N., &Rigter, H. (2020). Parental and family factors associated with problematic gaming and problematic internet use in adolescents: A systematic literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00320-0
Ndasauka, Y., Pitafi, A., & Kayange, G. M. (2019). Psychometric properties of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in Urdu language. Asian journal of psychiatry, 40, 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.01.011
Ng, B. D., & Wiemer-Hastings, P. (2005). Addiction to the internet and online gaming. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 8(2), 110-113. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.110
Odacı, H., & Kalkan, M. (2010). Problematic Internet use, loneliness and dating anxiety among young adult university students. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1091-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.58
Odacı, H., & Çikrikci, Ö. (2017). An exploration of the associations among internet use, depression, anxiety and stress among youths. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1635
Ohno, S. (2016). Internet escapism and addiction among Japanese senior high school students. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 9(4), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2016.1226911
Özdemir, Y., Kuzucu, Y., & Ak, Ş. (2014). Depression, loneliness and Internet addiction: How important is low self-control? Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.009
Pan, Y. C., Chiu, Y. C., & Lin, Y. H. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology of internet addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 118, 612-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.013
Pellerone, M., Ramaci, T., & Heshmati, R. (2019). The “mask” filtered by the new media: family functioning, perception of risky behaviors and internet addiction in a group of Italian adolescents. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2237
Pettorruso, M., Valle, S., Cavic, E., Martinotti, G., Di Giannantonio, M., & Grant, J. E. (2020). Problematic Internet use (PIU), personality profiles and emotion dysregulation in a cohort of young adults: trajectories from risky behaviors to addiction. Psychiatry research, 289, 113036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113036
Pezoa-Jares, R. E., Espinoza-Luna, I. L., & Vasquez-Medina, J. A. (2012). Internet addiction: A review. Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy, 6(2).
Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Portuguese validation of the internet gaming disorder scale–short-form. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(4), 288-293. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0605
Poprawa, R. (2011). ProblematyczneużywanieInternetu–nowewyzwaniedlapsychologiisdrowia,[w:] Górnik-Durose M. Mateusiak J.(red.), Psychologiazdrowia–kontekstyipogranicza, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice, 2011, 215-243. (A problematic use of the Internet — a new challenge for the psychology of health, Health psychology - contexts and borderlands)
Potenza, M. N. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x
Radeef, A. S., & Faisal, G. G. (2018). Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its association with depression, anxiety and stress among Medical Students in Malaysia. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2018.6.1987
Ranaiey, S., Taghavi, M. R., & Goodarzi, M. A. (2016). Development of a Measure: Internet Behaviors Scale. Modern Applied Science, 10(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n7p124
Reinarman, C. (2005). Addiction as accomplishment: The discursive construction of disease. Addiction Research & Theory, 13(4), 307-320. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/16066350500077728
Røysamb, E., Kendler, K. S., Tambs, K., Ørstavik, R. E., Neale, M. C., Aggen, S. H., . . . & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2011). The joint structure of DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders. Journal of abnormal psychology, 120(1), 198-209. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021660
Samaha, A. A., Fawaz, M., El Yahfoufi, N., Gebbawi, M., Abdallah, H., Baydoun, S. A., ... & Eid, A. H. (2018). Assessing the psychometric properties of the internet addiction test (IAT) among Lebanese college students. Frontiers in public health, 6, 365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00365
Senol-Durak, E., & Durak, M. (2017). Cognitions About Problematic Internet Use: the Importance of Negative Cognitive Stress Appraisals and Maladaptive Coping Strategies. Current Psychology, 36(2), 350-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9424-4
Servidio, R., Bartolo, M. G., Palermiti, A. L., Casas, J. A., Ruiz, R. O., & Costabile, A. (2019). Internet addiction, self-esteem and the validation of the Italian version of the Internet Related Experiences Questionnaire. European Review of Applied Psychology, 69(2), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2019.03.003
Sharma, A., & Sharma, R. (2018). Internet addiction and psychological well-being among college students: A cross-sectional study from Central India. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 7(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_189_17
Sherer, K. (1997). College life on-line: Healthy and unhealthy Internet use. Journal of College Student Development,38(6), 655-665.
Shields, N., & Kane, J. (2011). Social and psychological correlates of Internet use among college students. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 5(1).
Sicari, F., Frisone, F., Alibrandi, A., & Settineri, S. (2021). Validation of the Italian version of the Internet Behaviors Scale. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2990
Simsek, E., & Sali, J. B. (2014). The Role of Internet Addiction and Social Media Membership on University Students' Psychological Capital. Contemporary Educational Technology, 5(3), 239-256. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6127
Spradlin, A., Cuttler, C., Bunce, J. P., & Carrier, L. M. (2019). # Connected: Facebook may facilitate face-to-face relationships for introverts. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000162
Stavropoulos, V., Gomez, R., Steen, E., Beard, C., Liew, L., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The longitudinal association between anxiety and Internet addiction in adolescence: The moderating effect of classroom extraversion. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.026
Stavropoulos, V., Griffiths, M. D., Burleigh, T. L., Kuss, D. J., Doh, Y. Y., & Gomez, R. (2018). Flow on the Internet: a longitudinal study of Internet addiction symptoms during adolescence. Behaviour and Information Technology, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1424937
Stavropoulos, V., Kuss, D., Griffiths, M., & Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2016). A longitudinal study of adolescent internet addiction: The role of conscientiousness and classroom hostility. Journal of Adolescent Research, 31(4), 442-473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558415580163
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 83-110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.83
Strittmatter, E., Parzer, P., Brunner, R., Fischer, G., Durkee, T., Carli, V., ... & Resch, F. (2016). A 2-year longitudinal study of prospective predictors of pathological Internet use in adolescents. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 25(7), 725-734.
Sugiman, T., Gergen, K. J., Wagner, W., & Yamada, Y. (2008). The social turn in the science of human action. In Meaning in action (pp. 1-20). Berlin: Springer.
Tang, J., Yu, Y., Du, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2014). Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with stressful life events and psychological symptoms among adolescent internet users. Addictive Behaviors, 39(3), 744-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.010
Teo, T., & Kam, C. (2014). Validity of the Internet Addiction Test for Adolescents and Older Children (IAT-A) Tests of Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 32(7), 624-637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282914531708
Tian, Y., Bian, Y., Han, P., Gao, F., & Wang, P. (2017). Associations between psychosocial factors and generalised pathological internet use in Chinese university students: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.048
Tsermentseli, S., Karipidis, N., Samaras, P., & Thompson, T. (2018). Assessing the factorial structure of the internet addiction test in a sample of Greek adolescents. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 274-288.
Tzavela, E. C., Karakitsou, C., Dreier, M., Mavromati, F., Wölfling, K., Halapi, E., & Tsitsika, A. K. (2015). Processes discriminating adaptive and maladaptive Internet use among European adolescents highly engaged online. Journal of Adolescence, 40, 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.12.003
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Online communication among adolescents: An integrated model of its attraction, opportunities, and risks. Journal of adolescent health, 48(2), 121-127. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.020.
Van der Aa, N., Overbeek, G., Engels, R. C. M. E., Scholte, R. H. J., Meerkerk, G.-J., & Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2009). Daily and compulsive internet use and well-being in adolescence: a diathesis-stress model based on big five personality traits. Journal of youth and adolescence, 38(6), 765. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10964-008-9298-3.
Venuleo, C., Ferrante, L., & Rollo, S. (2020a). Facing life problems through the Internet. The link between psychosocial malaise and problematic Internet use in an adolescent sample. Journal of Gambling Issues, 46,107-131. https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.46.7
Venuleo, C., & Marinaci, T. (2017). Disorder or socially adapted behaviors? The field dependent nature of psychopathology and some implications for intervention. Methods of psychological intervention—Yearbook of idiographic science, 7, 99-125.
Venuleo, C., Mossi, P., & Calogiuri, S. (2018). Combining cultural and individual dimensions in the analysis of hazardous behaviours: An explorative study on the interplay between cultural models, impulsivity, and depression in hazardous drinking and gambling. Journal of Gambling Issues, 40, 70–115. https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2018.40.4
Venuleo, C., Mossi, P., & Marinaci, T. (2017). Meaning and risk. The role of subjective cultures in the evaluation of hazardous behaviours. Psicologia della salute, 1, 48–75. https://doi.org/10.3280/PDS2017-001003
Venuleo, C., Mossi, P., & Rollo, S. (2019). The social-cultural context of risk evaluation. An exploration of the interplay between cultural models of the social environment and parental control on the risk evaluation expressed by a sample of adolescents. Psicologia della salute, 3, 28–53. https://doi.org/10.3280/PDS2019-003003
Venuleo, C., Rollo, S., Marinaci, T., & Calogiuri, S. (2016). Towards a cultural understanding of addictive behaviours. The image of the social environment among problem gamblers, drinkers, internet users and smokers. Addiction Research & Theory, 24(4), 274-287. https://doi.org/ 10.3109/16066359.2015.1126257
Venuleo, C., Salvatore, G., Andrisano-Ruggieri, R., Marinaci, T., Cozzolino, M., & Salvatore, S. (2020b). Steps towards a unified theory of psychopathology: The Phase Space of Meaning model. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(4), 236-252. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20200405
Vitaro, F., Ferland, F., Jacques, C., & Ladouceur, R. (1998). Gambling, substance use, and impulsivity during adolescence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 12(3), 185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.12.3.185
Wang, C.-W., Ho, R. T. H., Chan, C. L. W., & Tse, S. (2015). Exploring personality characteristics of Chinese adolescents with internet-related addictive behaviors: Trait differences for gaming addiction and social networking addiction. Addictive behaviors, 42, 32-35. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.039.
Wang, L., Shen, H., Lei, Y., Zeng, L. L., Cao, F., Su, L., ... & Hu, D. (2017). Altered default mode, fronto-parietal and salience networks in adolescents with Internet addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 70, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.021
Yaffe, Y., & Seroussi, D. E. (2019). Further Evidence for the Psychometric Properties of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT): A Study on a Sample of Israeli-Arab Male Adolescents. American journal of health behavior, 43(6), 1030-1039. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.6.2
Yan, W., Li, Y., & Sui, N. (2014). The relationship between recent stressful life events, personality traits, perceived family functioning and internet addiction among college students. Stress and Health, 30(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2490
Yang, L., Sun, L., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y., Wu, H., & Ye, D. (2014). Internet addiction, adolescent depression, and the mediating role of life events: Finding from a sample of Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Psychology,49(5), 342-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12063
Yücens, B., & Üzer, A. (2018). The relationship between internet addiction, social anxiety, impulsivity, self-esteem, and depression in a sample of Turkish undergraduate medical students. Psychiatry research, 267, 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.033
Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 1(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
Zhang, Y., Mei, S., Li, L., Chai, J., Li, J., & Du, H. (2015). The relationship between impulsivity and internet addiction in Chinese college students: A moderated mediation analysis of meaning in life and self-esteem. PloS one, 10(7), e0131597. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131597
Zhao, F., Zhang, Z. H., Bi, L., Wu, X. S., Wang, W. J., Li, Y. F., & Sun, Y. H. (2017). The association between life events and internet addiction among Chinese vocational school students: The mediating role of depression. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.057
Zhou, N., Cao, H., Li, X., Zhang, J., Yao, Y., Geng, X., ... & Fang, X. (2018). Internet addiction, problematic internet use, nonproblematic internet use among Chinese adolescents: Individual, parental, peer, and sociodemographic correlates. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 32(3), 365. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000358
DOI: https://doi.org/10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-3016
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.